Plasma metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance reveals biomarkers and metabolic pathways associated with the control of HIV-1 infection/progression

How the human body reacts to exposure of HIV-1 is an important research goal. Frequently, HIV leads infection, but some individuals show natural resistance this infection; they are known as HIV-1-exposed seronegative (HESN). Others, although infected without antiretroviral therapy, control replication and progression AIDS; named controllers, maintaining low viral levels adequate count CD4 + T lymphocytes. Biological mechanisms explaining these phenomena not precise. In context, metabolomics emerges a method find metabolites in response pathophysiological stimuli, which can help establish infection its progression. We conducted cross-sectional study including 30 HESN, 14 progressors, controllers healthy controls. Plasma samples (directly deproteinized) were analyzed through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) biomarkers altered metabolic pathways. The profile analysis HESN demonstrated significant differences with controls when discriminant (PLS-DA) was applied. models, 13 associated progressors 12 identified, presented statistically mean related high energy expenditure (creatinine), mood disorders (tyrosine) immune activation (lipoproteins), typical course infection. inflammation-modulating (glutamate pyruvate) better adaptive system (acetate) group, anti-inflammatory (lactate phosphocholine) virucidal (lactate) effects constitute protective sexual transmission HIV. Concerning each we identified 24 genes involved or virus proteins that all only partially HESN. summary, our results indicate well affects metabolism affectation be determined using NMR metabolomics.